Update1/7/96:

The Challenger, as it is called in Europe (apparently 'Prado' in 
other parts of the world) will be a *very* luxe model, with factory:
full-time 4wd, open diff, lockable of course
IFS & rear coils
airbags
4 discs
215/80 on R16x6J rims
velours cloth interior
heigth adjustable head lights (required in Germany/Belgium anyway)

Empty weight 3 door: 1720kg, load 790, towing 2800.
Empty weight 5 door: 1840kg, load 860, towing 2800.

Two engines: 
1-KZ-TE: inline 4cyl 3.0L turbodiesel, 96kW/130hp@3600rpm & 
295Nm@2000rpm (1Nm=1.5ft-lbs). It contains a small intercooler to 
meet emission spec's.
KJ-90 (two door)
KJ-95 (four door)

5VZ-FE: V6 3.4L, gasoline 178hp@4800rpm & 303Nm@3600rpm, the same as 
comes in the Tacoma/FunRunner (new 4Runner) in the US (but that one 
has 190hp, right?)
VZJ-90 (two door)
VZJ-95 (4 door)

Both are available in 4sp electronical controlled auto or 5sp manual gearbox.
Low gear is 2.566:1 [note wj: the best of all TLC's!]

Topspeed diesel: 160km/h, 0-100 in 14.7s
gasoline: 180km/h, 0-100 in 10.7s

In Holland, there will be an option package 'A' and 'B':
A:
265/70x16 on alloy rims
fender flares
chrome package (door handles, mirrors, bumpers etc)
airco

B:
leather interior
electrical chairs
tilt/roll & height gauges on the dash

ABS is optional, as are factory front and rear diff locks (!, was
not available on the predecessor light duty 70 series!)



To:               Offroad@off-road.com
Date sent:        Mon, 8 Jul 1996 07:27:24 -0700 (PDT)
From:             Sheldon Belinkoff 
Subject:          New Toyota Land Cruiser - VERY LONG!
Send reply to:    Offroad@off-road.com

What follows is a press release from Toyota in Australia where the new
Land Cruiser known as the Prado has recently been released. I hope you
all find the article useful and of some interest.

Shel Belinkoff
scb@wco.com
 ===================

 Toyota Launches LandCruiser Prado
    - The All-New Medium Duty 4WD


Toyota has launched an all-new medium duty 4WD with class-leading engine
technology, space and safety. The new Toyota LandCruiser Prado is the
first full-framed 4WD designed to meet all foreseeable future crash
regulations. 

The new LandCruiser Prado range has seven models, with a choice of two
EFI-equipped Multi-valve engines, three transmissions and four equipment
levels. The two engines are a 3.4-litre Quad Cam V6 and a 2.7-litre Twin
Cam four with contra-rotating balance shafts. Both engines can be matched
to five-speed overdrive manual transmissions or electronically controlled
four-speed overdrive automatic transmissions. 

The equipment levels are, in ascending order: entry level RV and RV6,
volume-selling GXL and top-of-the-range VX Grande. Prado RV6 and GXL are
offered with manual and automatic transmission; VX Grande has automatic
transmission. All Prado V6 models have 159 litres of fuel tank capacity;
Prado RV and RV6 has a 90-litre fuel tank. Prado GXL and VX Grande have
the added security of an engine computer immobiliser. 

Standard equipment in all Prado models includes full time four wheel
drive, tilt-adjustable steering,front seatbelt pretensioners, adjustable
front seatbelt upper anchorages, electronically tuned AM/FM radio cassette
with four speakers, power central locking, variable intermittent front
wipers, rear wiper/washer, rear demister, power assisted rack and pinion
steering and a limited slip rear differential. 

Prado's body and chassis are designed to absorb frontal crash impact
energy, including the forces in a 40 percent deformable offset barrier
test. It's also the first Toyota commercial vehicle in Australia with
front seatbelt pretensioners as standard equipment and dual airbag SRS
availability.Two Australian-designed airbag SRS-compatible bullbars are
available as Toyota genuine accessories. One is an alloy "overbumper" type
and the other is an alloy "replacement" type. All Prado models have the
added active safety of full-time 4WD, power-assisted rack and pinion
steering, double wishbone coil-spring front suspension, multi-link
coil-spring rear suspension with "pro-steer" rear wheel steer geometry and
four-wheel ventilated disc brakes.  Advanced G-sensor ABS anti-skid brakes
are available on all Prado models. 

Prado's new body has a low Cd of 0.42, significantly better than its major
competitor, for improved economy and low noise, and provides more interior
space than its three major rivals. All Quad Cam V6 Prado models have
seating for eight persons. 

Prado also has the advantage of between 94kg and 259kg less weight in a
model-to-model comparison with its major competitor.


The New Landcruiser Prado Highlights

PRADO RANGE OFFERS SEVEN MODELS

Toyota's new Prado 4WD range sports seven models, with a choice of two
engines, two transmissions and four equipment levels. The two engines are
both new: a high tech EFI-equipped Twin Cam Multi-valve 2.7-litre four
cylinder plus a gutsy EFI-equipped Quad Cam Multi-valve 3.4-litre V6. 

Transmissions are a five-speed overdrive manual, and an
electronically-controlled four-speed overdrive automatic with fuel-saving
lock-up clutch and second gear low traction start function. Both
transmissions are matched to a two-speed transfer case and fulltime
four-wheel drive. 

The equipment levels, in ascending order, are: the entry level RV four
cylinder, recreational RV6, volume-selling GXL V6 and luxury VX Grande V6.
All V6 models have eight seats and 159-litre fuel tank capacity, while the
RV seats five and has a 90-litre fuel tank capacity. 

The complete model line-up is:

          RV manual and automatic
          RV6 manual and automatic
          GXL manual and automatic
          VX Grande automatic.

Standard equipment on RV includes engine speed sensitive power assisted
rack and pinion steering with tilt adjustment, front seatbelt
pretensioners, front seatbelt upper anchorage adjusters, AM/FM
radio/cassette with four speakers, power central locking, variable
intermittent front wipers, rear washer/wiper, rear demister fulltime 4WD
and a rear limited slip differential. 

Optional equipment includes the combination of dual airbag SRS and ABS
anti-skid brakes, and dealer-fitted single air-conditioning. A Toyota
airbag-compatible bullbar is also available as a dealer fitted option. 

Additionally Prado RV6 provides the standard equipment of the Quad Cam
Multi-valve V6 engine plus a third-row fold-away seat, extra 69-litre
supplementary fuel tank and side steps plus the options of the combination
of dual airbag SRS and ABS and dealer-fitted single air conditioning. 

Prado GXL has as extra standard equipment wide wheels and tyres, fender
overflares and side steps, side protection moulding, power pack (central
locking, windows and mirrors), CD player, cruise control, leather steering
wheel and gear lever knob. Its options include separately available ABS
anti-skid brakes, the combination of dual airbag SRS and ABS, and
dealer-fitted single air conditioning.

The top-of-the-range Prado VX Grande features as additional standard
equipment alloy wheels, velour seat trim, CD multi-changer, ABS anti-skid
brakes, dual airbag SRS, dual factory-fitted air-conditioning, load-area
tonneau cover and middle-row seat centre arm rest. Options for VX Grande
are: luxury pack consisting of leather seat coverings, power-operated
front seats and power-operated moonroof, and woodgrain trim. 


PRADO LEADS THE CLASS IN SPACE

Toyota's new LandCruiser Prado is Australia's most spacious medium-duty
4WD, slightly larger than its major competitor in every exterior
dimension. It is 25mm longer, 35mm wider and 10mm higher than Pajero - and
it is larger than its American competitor. 

The larger exterior dimensions give Prado leg and shoulder room superior
to Pajero, plus more interior length than both Pajero and Jackaroo.
Efficient design means that Prado is 25mm longer than Pajero overall, but
has a 75mm advantage in interior length. 

Prado also has space advantages over Pajero in the distance between the
second and third row seats, the volume of the luggage area, the width of
the front footwells and the width of the cargo area with the third-row
seats folded.  Access to the third row seat has been optimised by adopting
a walk-in feature on the second-row seats, which provides 250mm of
fore/aft seat movement. 

Prado has advantages over its major competitor in luggage area for both
rear seat configurations (rear seats folded or unfolded). Cargo width
between the folded rear seats is 890mm. 

Interior Puts Emphasis On Comfort

Toyota's new LandCruiser Prado 4WD was designed for comfort and
convenience, with class-leading interior space and seating for eight
adults in all Quad Cam V6 models. There's full grey interior trim as
standard on all models, with a woven seat fabric on RV, RV6 and GXL
models, and a velour seat trim as standard equipment on VX Grande. 

Power-operated, front bucket seats with leather seat facings on all three
rows are offered as part of Prado VX Grande's luxury pack. 

Cabin noise levels have been minimised through the design and mounting of
Prado's 2.7 and 3.4-litre engines and Prado's low 4x4 drag co-efficient of
0.42. In addition, Toyota has paid careful attention to the placement of
insulation materials on the floor, in the dash, under the bonnet and on
the apron panels in order to minimise NVH. 

Toyota has also paid special attention to features such as cabin
ergonomics, ease of entry/exit, storage space and safety. LandCruiser
Prado is the first Toyota 4WD with front seatbelt pretensioners. It also
has ALR/ELR type seatbelts in the rear (2nd and 3rd row outboard
positions) and dual airbag SRS availability. 

Safety & Comfort

Passive safety features also include adjustable seatbelt upper anchorages
and seat-mounted buckles on the front seats for optimum fit and comfort.
The seatbelt buckles are slide-type, for greater ease of use, while
Prado's front seats are firmly supporting. The power adjustable driver's
seat on the VX Grande with luxury pack option is five way adjustable. 

A six-position 15 degree range tilt-adjustable steering column means the
driving position can be tailored to a wide range of physiques. Control
efforts have been minimised by a short-throw, light-effort clutch pedal
(with 150mm throw) and hydraulic assistance and by attention to brake
booster and brake pedal design. The booster and pedal have been designed
to optimise pedal feel. 

The heater control panel has easy to use dial-type switches for air
distribution, temperature and fan speed. Prado's instrument cluster has
light-emitting type gauges and an automatic shift-position indicator. The
dashboard includes an analog clock on RV, and a digital clock on all other
models. 

All Prado Quad Cam V6 models have a third row of seats with a walk-in
second row seat feature on both sides to provide greater ease of access to
the third row seats. Prado's second and third rows of seats can be folded
flush, to increase the vehicle's utility. Alternatively, the first and
second row seats can be folded flush. The third row seats can be folded up
against the side-windows for additional cargo space. 

Convenience features also include nine passenger-assist handles, plus map,
dome and cargo-area lights. A user-friendly backdoor stopper has been
fitted, to hold the single rear door in the open position. 

Audios & Storage

Prado RV, RV6 and GXL models have a high-grade electronically-tuned AM/FM
radio/cassette with four speakers. GXL models feature an additional single
disc CD player. Top-of-the-range VX Grande has a six-CD multi-changer. 

Prado's cabin storage locations include six cup holders. In addition,
Prado provides a large glovebox in all models, front-door pockets, front-
centre console box and large rear console box. 

A roll-out type cargo area tonneau cover is standard equipment in the
LandCruiser Prado VX Grande and an electric tilt-and-slide moonroof with
sunshade is included in VX Grande's optional luxury pack. 

Prado's equipment includes pre-wiring for trailer lights and 10-amp
accessory power sockets in the interior rear quarter panel and the front
centre console.  These are in addition to the standard cigar lighter. 


All-New Body And Chassis

Toyota Prado's all-new body and chassis were designed to meet expected
safety standards for the year 2000 and beyond. Design criteria included
the ability to absorb the collision impacts simulated by a wide range of
possible future safety tests. Both the body and chassis have crumple zones
to absorb crash energy. 

Prado is believed to be the first full-framed 4WD to progress beyond the
use of crush cans. It has a lightweight, high rigidity frame for optimum
strength and durability - while meeting safety, performance and fuel
economy targets. 

Chief engineer of Prado, Takeo Kondo, said he rejected the concept of a
medium-duty 4WD without a full-chassis frame. He set his team the task of
designing a frame and body which would meet forthcoming safety
requirements. 

The new Prado chassis has side rail dimensions of 140mm by 80mm, for
optimum rigidity. It is significantly stronger than the chassis of
superseded 4Runner and of previous Japanese domestic model Prado. 

All-New Exterior:

Toyota's Prado 4WD has new exterior styling with a low drag coefficient
for a 4x4 wagon. LandCruiser Prado has a Cd of 0.42, for improved fuel
economy and low noise. Its Cd is significantly less than those of two of
its major competitors. 

Prado's cosmopolitan exterior styling is reminiscent of the LandCruiser 80
Series and projects a more rugged look than its major competitor. 

These exterior styling features include:

-vertical bars in the radiator grille to emphasise sportiness and
 strength

-large TSOP (recyclable Toyota Super Olefin Polymer) bumpers for a
 sporty appearance and smooth integration with the body sides

-large sculptured headlamps, matched by integrated turn and signal
 lamps

-window graphics and pillars which emphasise side strength

-a single, large-size swing door to increase vehicle utility

-a full-width rear window

-an enclosed and integrated rear-door handle and licence plate light,
          to complement the rear lamps

-integrated rear combination lamps and centre high-mount stop lamp.

Prado's high-grade models (GXL and VX Grande) have the additional exterior
features of wide wheels and tyres, overfender flares and two-tone painted
body side-cladding, adding to Prado's sense of presence. 

The new Prado design offers maximum visibility, due to an upright seating
position, low belt line and single back door with large rear window. 
Visibility is further improved by large rear-view mirrors and large
sculptured halogen headlamps. 

Body Strength & Durability

Prado's new body has been designed and manufactured for high strength to
weight and maximum durability. Prado is lighter yet stronger than its
major competitor, for better fuel economy and competitive performance. 

Toyota has used high-strength steel sheet to press all five Prado doors,
as well as the bonnet and fenders. The body sides are integrated two-piece
pressings, to increase strength and durability. 

The entire A and B pillars, 75 percent of the C pillar, the top section of
the D pillar, and the rocker panel have been reinforced to maximise body
rigidity and crash safety. 

Body durability is a major design and manufacturing criterion in new
Prado.  The chassis is robot welded for precision and quality, and is
electro-cathodically-dipped for maximum corrosion protection. Virtually
the entire body (except the roof) is pressed from anti-corrosion
galvannealed and Toyota-developed Excelite II steel sheet. 

Galvannealed steel sheet is used for areas which require maximum corrosion
resistance, including the floor and underbody sections. Galvannealed steel
has zinc-rich zinc-iron alloy outer layers sandwiching a steel base.
Excelite is used for a combination of optimum corrosion-protection and
maximum paint adhesion. It is a four-layer electro-deposited laminate of
an iron-rich zinc iron-alloy outer coating over two zinc-rich zinc-iron
coatings - all sandwiching a steel base metal. 

In addition to the use of special steels, the entire Prado body is
electro-cathodically dipped for added corrosion protection. Prado's body
is also protected by wide use of special anti-chip coatings in areas
vulnerable to stone chipping and PVC wheel arch liners. 

The front 300mm of the bonnet, the bottom 150mm of the doors and the
rocker panel surfaces have an intermediate coat of chip-resistant paint. 

Prado's corrosion-prevention measures also include extensive use of waxes
and pre-cure sealers in hemmings, joints and doors, and wax coatings on
the hinge installations of sub-assemblies. 

Prado's bumpers and side-cladding contribute to both corrosion-protection
and recyclability. Highly recyclable Toyota Super Olefin Polymer (TSOP)
has been used to manufacture the bumpers, side-cladding, dashboard, centre
console and interior trim garnishes. TSOP offers superior durability and
recyclability to RRIM polyurethane or polypropylene. It also contributes
to weight-reduction objectives. 

NEW QUAD CAM V6 ENGINE

Toyota's all-new Prado has the most advanced commercial vehicle petrol
engine in Australia. Prado RV6, GXL and VX Grande have an EFI-equipped
Quad Cam Multi-valve V6 engine. It is Toyota's first Quad Cam commercial
vehicle engine. 

The new 3.4-litre 5VZ-FE V6 has 26 percent more power and 21 percent more
torque than the superseded 4Runner's 3.0-litre 12-valve SOHC V6. Prado's
Quad Cam Multi-valve V6 has a flat torque curve to suit all driving
conditions - urban, highway and 4WD. It has more than 260Nm of torque from
1600rpm right through to 4950rpm. 

The 3378cm3 Toyota 5VZ-FE engine delivers 132kW (ECE) of power at 4800rpm
and 303Nm (ECE) of torque at 3600rpm. Moreover, Prado's V6 operates on
readily available and lower cost ULP, compared with some competitors which
require Premium ULP. 

Toyota designed the Quad Cam 5VZ-FE engine to combine high performance,
fuel efficiency and reliability, coupled with low emissions and NVH. The
93.5mm by 82mm bore and stroke V6 has technical features not found in many
contemporary passenger car engines. 

Prado V6, for example, is only the second engine in Australia to feature
the Toyota direct ignition system (TDI), which increases engine
reliability and produces cleaner emissions. It also has Toyota-developed,
air-assisted electronic fuel injection, as debuted on Lexus ES300's Quad
Cam V6. Induction noise has been minimised by adopting an intake surge
tank and a large capacity air cleaner (9.2 litre). A Toyota-developed
linear step-up fluid-coupled engine-cooling fan further reduces noise and
vibration. 

Maximum reliability results from adopting a crank-driven trochoidal oil
pump and metal gaskets for the intake manifold, surge tank and throttle
body. The Prado V6 also has an aluminium cylinder heads and cam covers and
plastic radiator tanks. Service weight has been reduced by adopting an
aluminium radiator core. 

Performance & Driveability

Toyota designed Prado's new Quad Cam Multi-valve V6 for a combination of
performance, driveability, economy and clean emissions. The 5VZ-FE engine
has four valves per cylinder, arranged in a pentroof chamber with a
compact 22.5 degree included valve angle. 

The relatively narrow included valve angle cylinder heads provide a
combination of competitive power, strong low-to-mid range torque and
optimum fuel economy, coupled with package efficiency. 

Two overhead camshafts are employed per cylinder bank, to provide direct
valve actuation. Direct valve actuation minimises valve train inertia and
allows for more accurate valve control. 

Camshaft drive is by belt to the inlet camshafts and Toyota-developed
"scissor" gears from each inlet to the accompanying exhaust. This
arrangement allows two camshafts to be placed close together to achieve a
narrow included valve angle without incurring a gear noise penalty or
resorting o crude rocker-type cam followers. 

Power has been boosted across the engine speed range by adopting a high
9.6:1)  compression ratio. Torque has been further boosted by adopting
long intake runners and a variable exhaust valve in the main muffler. The
exhaust valve opens steplessly according to back pressure. It reduces
noise at low engine revolutions and reduces back pressure at higher rpm
for improved performance. 

The Prado V6 has full sequential electronic fuel injection and
air-assisted bi-directional injectors to achieve fuel/air mixing, more
complete combustion and reduced emissions. The EFI system has a hot-wire
air-flow meter providing better response across a wide range of air volume
flow rates for greater mixture accuracy. Greater accuracy is achieved
because the hot wire measures actual air volume flow rather than the EFI
computer using a pre-programmed map. 

The Toyota 5VZ-FE's electronic spark advance and knock control system,
with knock sensors in each cylinder bank, has allowed engineers to
optimise compression ratio and ignition timing - without risk of
detonation. 

Emissions have been reduced by adopting an idle speed control to regulate
engine idle speed according to coolant temperature, air-conditioner
operation and electrical load. 

Smoothness And Package Efficiency:

Toyota's design parameters for Prado's 5VZ-FE V6 engine emphasised balance
and package efficiency. Cylinder block and crankshaft rigidity have been
optimised. The new V6 has a 60-degree bank angle for perfect balance and
even 120-degree firing intervals. It has a deep-skirt cylinder block with
vermicular cast-iron main bearing caps. 

The 5FZ-FE's crankshaft has nine counter-weights and a dual-mode damper to
minimise vibration. The new V6 has forged, sintered connecting rods and
full-floating type aluminium pistons, with striated skirts for optimum oil
retention. 

Direct Ignition

Prado's TDI system has three coils, mounted directly on the spark plugs
for cylinders one, three and five, for simultaneous ignition of cylinders
one/four, two/five and three/six. It provides a stronger spark, less
cycle-to-cycle combustion variability and better emission performance. The
TDI system offers the benefits of precise ignition timing with no need for
adjustment, plus a dramatic reduction in high voltage loss (by eliminating
the distributor and reducing the length of high-tension cord). It also
offers improved ignition system reliability and reduced radio
interference. 

Air-assisted Injection

Prado's air-assisted fuel injection system improves fuel economy, reduces
emissions and better stabilises idling speed. It improves fuel atomisation
by combining an air stream with the fuel at the bi-directional injector
tip. The air-assisted fuel injection system consists of an air bypass pipe
|from the main idle speed control valve (ISCV) to the main injector
nozzles. 

The 5VZ-FE engine's electronic control unit controls the air-assist
system, using information from a pressure sensor in the intake manifold.
The air-assisted injection system provides finer fuel misting. It also
allows for fine-tuning of the intake manifold air volume when there is a
large negative pressure in the manifold - such as when the engine is on
over-run. 


STATE-OF-THE-ART FOUR


Toyota's new 4WD LandCruiser Prado RV has the most advanced four-cylinder
commercial vehicle engine in Australia. It has twin contra-rotating
balance shafts for exceptional smoothness in a large-capacity in-line four
design. 

The new Prado four-cylinder 2.7-litre engine has more power and torque
than the major competitor's 3.0-litre V6. It has more power and the same
torque as superseded Toyota 4Runner V6. 

The new 2694cm3 Toyota 3RZ-FE engine delivers 112kW (ECE) of power at
4800rpm and 240Nm (ECE) of torque at 4000rpm. It has more than 200Nm of
torque from 1250rpm to 5200rpm. 

The new Prado four has 49 percent more power and 30 percent more torque
than the single overhead camshaft eight-valve 2367cm3 22R engine in the
superseded entry level 4Runner. Technical features in Prado's new EFI and
twin balance shaft-equipped Twin Cam Multi-valve engine are equal to - or
better than - many ontemporary passenger vehicle engines. 

Designed For Low NVH

Toyota designed Prado's new four-cylinder engine for a combination of high
performance, fuel efficiency and reliability, coupled with low emissions
and low NVH. The bottom-end of the new 3RZ-FE engine borrows many strength
and durability features from race-engine technology. It has a deep-skirt
cast-iron cylinder block and fully balanced eight-counterweight crankshaft
for low NVH.  The crankshaft has hardened pins and journals, and rolled
fillets, for increased durability. 

The connecting rods are forged from a special carbon steel, chosen for its
ability to withstand high operating speeds and pressures while meeting
targets for low reciprocating weight. The conrods are double shot-peened
for increased strength and durability. 

The Toyota 3RZ-FE engine has alloy pistons with resin-coated skirts to
reduce friction. There is an oil-jet in each big-end bearing to cool the
under-side of the pistons. 

The 3RZ-FE engine also offers plastic region tightening bolts for the
cylinder head, conrods and crankshaft main bearings. Plastic region
tightening provides optimum clamping force for a given weight of bolt. 

For package efficiency and high durability, the 3RZ-FE has a low-wear
camshaft timing chain rather than a belt. An oil jet on the hydraulic
chain tensioner lubricates the chain, and the timing chain drives the
inlet camshaft. 

Drive to the exhaust camshaft is by "scissor" gear drive from the inlet
camshaft for optimum package efficiency and low noise. Chain drive is also
employed to drive the twin contra-rotating balance shafts. Balance shaft
number two is driven directly by the chain in the same direction as the
crankshaft, while an idler gear is used to drive balance shaft number one
in the opposite direction. In addition to the balance shafts, the Prado
four-cylinder engine has a torsional damper pulley to reduce NVH. 

Performance and Economy

Prado's new four-cylinder engine combines high performance with high fuel
efficiency and low emissions. It has square (95mm by 95mm) bore and stroke
dimensions, for a balance of power and low-to-mid-range torque. 

Multi-valve cylinder head technology has been adopted for better breathing
and maximum fuel efficiency. The new Prado 3RZ-FE engine has four valves
per cylinder arranged in a compact pentroof combustion chamber with a
19-degree included valve angle. 

A high (9.5:1) compression ratio has been adopted to boost torque across
the engine speed range. In addition, the Toyota 3RZ-FE engine has long
intake runners to boost torque and dual inlet ports per cylinder to
maximise the benefits of having two inlet valves per cylinder. 

Induction noise has been minimised by fitting a large capacity intake air
resonator to the intake air connector and air cleaner hose, and adopting a
large capacity (7.1 litre) air cleaner. 

State-of-the-art exhaust technology includes siamesed exhaust ports, and
four-into-two-into-one headers. The 3RZ-FE engine also has advanced
electronic fuel injection and electronic spark advance systems. The EFI
system has a hot-wire type air-flow meter to measure air mass flow, for
maximum reliability and accuracy over the full flow range. 

The hot-wire system provides improved measurement accuracy and hence
better engine response - because the EFI computer meters fuel according to
actual air flow rather than a programmed map. The non-mechanical
measurement system also increases reliability and durability. 

Prado's induction system also includes a heated throttle body for optimum
performance in cold weather. 

The 3RZ-FE's engine management system also includes:

-electronic spark advance for optimum ignition timing and hence performance
and fuel economy

-a cut-off control for the air-conditioner to increase driveability. The
cut-off control monitors throttle-opening angle and vehicle speed

-self-diagnostic and fail-safe functions, for greater reliability and
reduced service costs. 

Reliability and Low Noise

The Toyota 3RZ-FE has been designed for high reliability and low NVH. 
Reliability features include a crankshaft-drive trochoidal oil pump, a
V-ribbed belt to drive the water pump and a composite carbon/stainless
steel head gasket. In addition, the 3Z-FE engine has a Toyota-developed
linear three-stage fluid-coupled engine cooling fan to reduce noise and
vibration.  Reliability and weight-saving features also include an
aluminium radiator core and an alloy camcover. 


PRADO TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

ENGINES
     Designation: 5VZ-FE
     Type: 60 degree bank angle V6 petrol with two overhead camshafts per
     bank, directly actuating four valves
     per cylinder, belt and "scissor" gear camshaft drive. Controlled by
     Toyota Computer Control System (TCCS)
     engine management system, incorporating air-assisted full sequential      EFI,
     electronic spark advance (ESA),
     dual-sensor knock control system (KCS), and self-diagnostic and           fail-safe modes.
     Application: Prado RV6, GXL and VX Grande Displacement: 3378cm3
     Bore x stroke: 93.5mm x 82mm
     Compression ratio: 9.6:1
     Maximum power: 132kW (ECE) at 4800rpm
     Maximum torque:303Nm (ECE) at 3600rpm

     Designation: 3RZ-FE
     Type: In-line four-cylinder petrol, with two overhead camshafts,           directly actuating four valves per cylinder, chain
     and "scissor" gear camshaft drive. Controlled by Toyota Computer           Control System (TCCS) engine
     management system, semi-sequential EFI, electronic spark advance (ESA),
     knock control system (KCS), and
     self-diagnostic and fail-safe modes.
     Application: Prado RV
     Displacement: 2693cm3
     Bore x stroke: 95mm x 95mm
     Compression ratio: 9.5:1
     Maximum power: 112kW (ECE) at 4800rpm
     Maximum torque: 240Nm (ECE) at 4000rpm

     DRIVELINES
     Designation: A343F
     Type: Electronically controlled four-speed overdrive automatic, with
     lock-up clutch on the torque converter,
     two shift modes, first-gear lock-out function and anti-squat control,       and self-diagnostic and fail-safe (limp home)modes.
     Application: With 5VZ-FE and 3RZ-FE engines Ratios: 1st, 2.804
     2nd, 1.531
     3rd, 1.000
     4th, 0.753
     Rev, 2.393
     Torque converter stall ratio: (TBA)
     Transfer: VF3B
     Type: Electronically controlled two-speed, with Morse Hy-Vo type silent
     chain and full-time 4WD
     Transfer Ratios: high, 1.000:1
     low, 2.566:1
     Final drive ratio: (with limited-slip type rear differential)
     4.100:1 RV6;
     4.300:1 RV, GXL & VX Grande
     Designation: R150F
     Type: Five-speed overdrive manual with synchromesh on all gears
     Application: With 5VZ-FE engine
     Ratios: 1st, 3.830
     2nd, 2.062
     3rd, 1.436
     4th, 1.000
     5th, 0.838
     Rev, 4.220
     Transfer: VF3B
     Type: Two-speed, with Morse Hy-Vo type silent chain and full-time 4WD
     Transfer Ratios: high, 1.000:1
     low, 2.566:1
     Final drive ratio: (with limited-slip type rear differential)
     4.100:1 RV6
     4.300:1 GXL
     Designation: W56
     Type: Five-speed
     Application: With 3RZ-FE engine
     Ratios: 1st, 3.954
     2nd, 2.141
     3rd, 1.384
     4th, 1.000
     5th, 0.850
     Rev, 4.091
     Transfer: VF3B
     Type: Two-speed, with Morse Hy-Vo type silent chain and full-time 4WD
     Transfer Ratios: high, 1.000:1
     low, 2.566:1
     Final drive ratio: 4.300:1 (with limited-slip type rear differential)

     SUSPENSION
     Front: Independent, located by box-section double wishbones. Controlled
     by coil springs and gas-filled
     dampers. Stabiliser bar fitted.
     Rear: Five-link axle located by upper and lower trailing arms and a
     Panhard rod. Controlled by long-travel coil
     springs and gas-filled dampers. Stabiliser bar fitted.

     STEERING
     Type: Power-assisted rack and pinion
     Power-assist type: Rotary valve (constant pressure)
     Turns lock to lock: 3.5
     Steering gear ratio:20.0:1

     BRAKES
     Type: Tandem 8" + 9" Vacuum-boosted dual circuit hydraulic with load
     sensing, proportioning and bypass
     valve
     Front: 319mm x 22mm ventilated discs with four-piston opposed fixed
     calipers
     Rear: 312mm x 18mm ventilated discs with single-piston floating           calipers
     Parking brake: Cable operated on rear drum in disc.

     EXTERIOR DIMENSIONS
     Wheelbase: 2675mm
     Front track: 1470mm
     Rear track: 1480mm

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